Journal of Applied Chemical Research
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2014

In the past decade, many strategies have been developed to enhance oral drug delivery. Different techniques were investigated, amongst those the use of permeation enhancers such surfactants and biodegradable polymers were studied more extensively. Chitosan and its derivatives have been studied as permeation enhancer. The aim of the current study was to develop a nanoparticulate system based on ionic interaction between Trimethyl Chitosan (TMC) and Enoxaparin and comparing the release profile of enoxaparin from enterically coated tablets containing surfactants such as Tween 80 and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) as permeation enhancer. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized for size, zeta potential, loading capacity and in vitro release. The tablets were enterically coated, characterized physically and were assayed for their content. The release of Enoxaparin was studied in PBS pH 6.8 corresponding to the pH of small intestine. The result suggested that the nanoparticles were positively charged with a diameter of about 120 nm and loading capacity of around 95%. The tablets contained 60 mg of Enoxaparin and 10 mg of surfactant as permeation enhancer. The in vitro release from tablets showed almost 100% Enoxaparin release in 2 hours; whereas in nanoparticles there was a 67.5% release in 24 hours. In order to better evaluate the enhancing effect of the polymer and surfactants in nanoparticle form and oral dosage tablet, further ex vivo and in vivo studies are required.

The protonation constants of alanine and alanine methyl ester were determined in different aqueous solutions of 1,4-dioxane containing (0-50% v/v), using a potentiometric method at 25oC and constant ionic strength 0.1 mol.L-1 (NaCl). The protonation constants were analyzed in terms of Kamlet, Abboud and Taft (KAT) parameters. The results show that the effect of β is higher in comparison with the other parameters (α and π*). Single-parameter correlation of the constants versus α, β, and π* are poor in all solutions. But multi-parameter correlation represents significant improvements with regard to the single- parameter models .

Polypyrol film was deposited on SS304by employing CPCvoltametery method, then coated with nano TiO2 (PPy/TiO2)and used as a photocatalysis for degradation of somedyesacid fushin, methylenblue, methyl orange and methyl red. The SEM and XRD analysis indicated nano size of TiO2 deposits as 20nm on the polypyrol film. The UV result of absorption revealed that this film increased the rate of degradation of dyes comparing with TiO2 powder.

The concentration of heavy metals in vegetable oils is an important criterion for the assessment of oil qualities with regard to freshness, keeping properties, storage and their influence on human nutrition and health. Trace heavy metals in vegetable oils are known to have an effect on the rate of oil oxidation. In this work, the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in four varieties of edible vegetable oils (olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil) collected from Iran were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The samples were digested in microwave digestion system The concentration of nickel, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, calcium and magnesium were observed in the range of 0.91–2.17, 0.14–1.76, 3.58 9.54, 0.18–0.68, 7.78- 28.93, 21.42–78.52, 5.34–36.49 μg/g, respectively. Lead and cadmium were found to be 4.56– 15.82 and 1.87–8.58 μg/kg. We found that the content of the heavy metals in all of the tested oils was lower than the maximum values recommended for FAO/WHO .

Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films have potential applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, AlN thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on silicon substrate by single ion beam sputtering method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed that the structure of films with thickness of 50 - 150 nm was amorphous, while the polycrystalline hexagonal AlN with a rough surface was observed at a thickness of 300 nm. Also, the formation of AlN in amorphous films is identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study confirms that the surface roughness and average grain size of films increased with film thickness.

In this paper, NMR and QTAIM analysis for three substituted of T2SA complex was investigated in the gas and four solvents at DFT level. Intermolecular O–H…N hydrogen bonds between 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine and Sulphurous acids enhance the stability of complex.1,2,4,5 Tetrazine is a highly reactive diene for [4] inverse-Diels–Alder cycloaddition processes and an excellent precursor to attain the pyridazine ring. 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines have been very widely utilized for the highly effective synthesis of natural products, bioactive compounds and ligands. The comparison between the donor and attractive group on hydrogen bonding intermolecular systems is discussed. The deshielding effects on hydrogen nucleus of this compound in solvents are referred to intermolecular hydrogen bonds which are controlled by dielectric constants. Dielectric constant increased the hydrogen atoms are deshielded, in the DMSO and water, the changes is small, because in theses polarity of solvent is very high. When donor group is substituted in this complex electron density is increased. The QTAIM results show that in the DMSO and water, the changes is small, because in theses polarity of solvent is very high. The NMR and QTAIM results are harmonious together in all cases. All calculations were performed using B3LYP method and 6- 311** basis set in GAUSSIAN09W and AIM2000 programs .

In this work, a series of hydrogel nanocomposites were prepared by grafting acrylic acid and acrylamide on gelatin in the presence of Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) nanoparticles. The characterizations of hydrogel nanocomposites were examined by swelling experiments, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the samples. Under the optimized conditions the maximum capacity of swelling in de-ionized water was found to be 375 g/g. In spite of the sensitivity of the hydrogel absorbency to environmental pH, these hydrogel nanocomposites interestingly do not show remarkable changes in wide range of pH (from pH 4 to 10).

In this study, oxidative discoloration of Basic blue3 (B.B3) and Disperse blue56 (D.B56) dyes in synthetic textile wastewater has been studied using Fenton (Fe2ﱽ) process. The Fenton’s technique showed satisfactory color removal efficiency. The operating parameters such as concentration of Fe2, dose of H2O2, initial concentration of dye, time contact, initial volume of wastewater that affected of discoloration in Fenton’sprocess were investigated. The optimized condition was determined and it was found that the obtained efficiency was about 99%for B.B3 and D.B56 dyes after 2 to 40 min ofcontact time based on initial concentration of dye for a given initial pHi=3. Chemical oxygen demand (COD)removal indicates partial and significant mineralization and degradation of two dyes B.B3 (88%) and D.B56 72%).The results of experiments showed that degradation of B.B3 and D.B56 in Fenton oxidation can be described with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model .

Ibuprofen (I) is the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been synthesized in recent years. NSAIDs are the first choice of drugs that are normally used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. There are many methods for synthesizing ofI but each one has some difficulties as raw materials preparation, reaction conditions and etc. In an effort to establish modified method with improved and economical yield, I was synthesized by the mesylation of ethyl lactate in the presence of triethylamine or pyridine at 273 K to obtain the corresponding ethyl-2-(methylsulphonyloxy) propanoate (II). Then, Friedel-Crafts alkylation of II with isobutylbenzene for single step synthesis of ethyl-2-(4- isobutylphenyl) propanoate (III) was carried out by heating with AlCl3 under neat reaction conditions. Finally, ethyl-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoate (I) formed in 50 % yield was hydrolyzed with KOH in methanol and acidified with HCl to afford the desired product .